Understanding factors affecting UPI adoption among low-income consumers in India

 The study investigated the factors influencing the behavioral intention to use Unified Payment Interface (UPI) apps among low-income Indian consumers. It examined how consumers’ behavioural intention to use UPI apps was influenced by their perceptions of the technology’s performance (performance expectancy), ease of use (effort expectancy), presence of facilitating conditions (FC), social influence (SI), and perceived risks (PR). An empirical study using a causal research design was conducted. The sampling unit consisted of Indian citizens with monthly household incomes below â ‚¹ 20,000. Data were collected using questionnaires from 351 respondents and analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS 21. The findings demonstrated that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions positively impacted the behavioral intention to use UPI apps. A negative relationship was found between PR and behavioral intention. SI showed no impact on the usage intention among low-income consumers.